Evaluasi Komparatif Penanda CDS ITS1, ITS2, dan LEAFY (LFY) untuk Diskriminasi Spesies pada Asteraceae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70158/buitenzorg.v3i1.47Abstrak
Asteraceae adalah salah satu famili angiosperma terbesar dan paling beragam, sehingga identifikasi spesies menjadi sulit, terutama di antara taksa yang berkerabat dekat dengan karakter morfologi yang tumpang tindih. Studi ini mengevaluasi kinerja ITS1, ITS2, dan sekuens pengkodean gen LEAFY (LFY) sebagai penanda molekuler untuk membedakan spesies Asteraceae terpilih dan menilai hubungan pada tingkat genus, suku, dan subfamili. Sekuens yang tersedia untuk umum diambil dari basis data NCBI dan dikurasi berdasarkan identitas taksonomi, anotasi penanda, kualitas sekuens, dan konsistensi aksesi. Kumpulan data ITS1, ITS2, dan sekuens pengkodean LFY (CDS) diselaraskan secara terpisah menggunakan MUSCLE di MEGA, diikuti oleh analisis variasi sekuens, rekonstruksi filogenetik Maximum Likelihood, dan analisis jarak genetik berpasangan. Ketiga penanda tersebut menghasilkan pola taksonomi yang luas, termasuk pengelompokan spesies Chrysanthemum dan pemisahan genus yang lebih jauh seperti Helianthus, Tagetes, Erigeron, Cynara, dan Lactuca. LFY CDS menunjukkan jumlah absolut situs variabel dan situs informatif parsimoni tertinggi, diikuti oleh ITS2 dan ITS1. ITS2 memberikan informasi filogenetik yang sedikit lebih besar daripada ITS1, sementara LFY CDS memberikan sinyal pengkodean nuklir independen yang melengkapi penanda ITS ribosom. Secara keseluruhan, setiap penanda memberikan informasi filogenetik yang berguna untuk menilai hubungan taksonomi dalam Asteraceae.
Kata kunci: Asteraceae, ITS1, ITS2, LFY, pengkodean DNA, diskriminasi spesies, analisis filogenetik.
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