Evaluasi Faktor-Faktor Pendorong di Balik Transisi Lahan Perkotaan di Wilayah Pesisir: Integrasi Pendekatan Geospasial dan Pengetahuan Lokal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70158/buitenzorg.v3i1.46Abstrak
Transisi lahan pertanian di wilayah pesisir yang mengalami urbanisasi pesat menimbulkan tantangan signifikan bagi perencanaan penggunaan lahan berkelanjutan dan ketahanan pangan jangka panjang. Studi ini meneliti faktor-faktor pendorong di balik konversi lahan pertanian di Kota Cilegon, Provinsi Banten, Indonesia, sebagai salah satu kota pesisir paling industrial di Asia Tenggara, dengan mengintegrasikan Penginderaan Jauh (RS), Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS), dan Proses Hierarki Analitik (AHP) dengan elisitasi pengetahuan lokal yang terstruktur. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan dilakukan menggunakan pembelajaran mesin Random Forest yang diterapkan pada citra Landsat multi-temporal (2011 dan 2023), yang mengungkapkan adanya peningkatan penggunaan lahan non-pertanian yang signifikan. Melalui wawancara perbandingan berpasangan dengan enam ahli di bidangnya, pembobotan AHP memberikan pengaruh tertinggi pada curah hujan (18%), kualitas tanah (15%), dan aksesibilitas jalan (14%) sebagai pendorong transisi. Peta kesesuaian transisi yang dihasilkan, yang divalidasi terhadap perubahan tutupan lahan yang diamati, mencapai akurasi keseluruhan sebesar 88,70% dan koefisien Kappa sebesar 0,86, yang menunjukkan kapasitas prediksi model yang kuat. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa faktor lingkungan, infrastruktur, dan sosial-ekonomi secara kolektif mengatur dinamika konversi lahan. Studi ini memberikan kerangka kerja spasial partisipatif yang dapat direplikasi, yang menjembatani data geospasial objektif dengan pengetahuan yang tertanam dalam komunitas, mendukung perencanaan kota dan pengelolaan lahan pertanian yang lebih inklusif dan berbasis bukti di kota-kota pesisir yang berkembang pesat.
Kata kunci: proses hierarki analitis, kota pesisir, perubahan penggunaan lahan, pengetahuan lokal, penginderaan jauh.
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