Pupuk Berbasis Mikroalga: Fungsi, Aplikasi, dan Prospek Pasar dalam Pertanian Organik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70158/buitenzorg.v3i1.23Abstrak
Mikroalga menunjukkan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan ditemukan di berbagai habitat, termasuk tanah pertanian. Intensifikasi pertanian dengan pupuk kimia mengakibatkan masalah lingkungan yang signifikan, termasuk polusi air, akumulasi bahan kimia xenobiotik, penurunan kualitas dan kesuburan tanah, serta dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan manusia. Pertanian organik disorot sebagai pendekatan efektif untuk mengurangi masalah ini. Mikroalga menawarkan fungsi kunci dalam pertanian sebagai biostimulan, biofertilizer, agen biokontrol, sumber fitohormon, dan pelembab tanah. Peran-peran ini menunjukkan pentingnya mikroalga dalam pertanian berkelanjutan dan organik, khususnya untuk penangkapan CO2, daur ulang nutrisi dari aliran limbah, dan peningkatan toleransi tanaman terhadap stres abiotik. Tinjauan ini membahas metode aplikasi praktis, tantangan lapangan, sumber air berkelanjutan untuk produksi biomassa mikroalga, tren pasar untuk biofertilizer yang terbuat dari biomassa ini, dan faktor keberlanjutan jangka panjang untuk menetapkan protokol keamanan dan standardisasi guna memastikan keandalannya. Biomassa mikroalga dapat diproduksi dalam fotobioreaktor atau kolam terbuka dan diaplikasikan ke lahan pertanian sebagai inokulum basah, biomassa kering, atau metabolit yang diekstrak. Integrasi dengan sistem irigasi dan hidroponik menawarkan potensi tambahan untuk penyampaian nutrisi yang efisien. Pasar global untuk pupuk mikroalga diproyeksikan akan berkembang secara signifikan karena meningkatnya kesadaran akan pertanian berkelanjutan dan meningkatnya permintaan akan makanan organik. Pupuk ini ramah lingkungan, mengurangi pemborosan nutrisi dan degradasi tanah, serta cocok untuk produksi tanaman organik karena alami dan bebas dari bahan kimia sintetis atau GMO. Kesimpulannya, mikroalga mewakili strategi berkelanjutan dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman, dan memperkuat perlindungan tanaman dalam pertanian organik.
Kata kunci: agen biokontrol, biomassa alga, bioekonomi sirkular, kelayakan komersial, mitigasi stres abiotik
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