Penerapan konsep hari derajat tumbuh untuk menentukan jadwal panen mangga yang optimal di Situbondo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70158/buitenzorg.v1i1.2Abstrak
Penentuan waktu panen optimal suatu komoditas pertanian dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan konsep growing degree day (GDD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi waktu berbunga hingga panen khususnya pada pengembangan budidaya mangga Arumanis 143 di luar musim (off-season). Penelitian dilakukan di perkebunan mangga Arumanis 143 milik PT. Trigatra Rajasa terletak di Desa Ketowan, Kecamatan Arjasa, Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode simulasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menghitung GDD kumulatif dengan menggunakan data suhu rata-rata harian dan suhu dasar buah mangga pada suhu 10°C. Simulasi mengasumsikan nilai kumulatif sebesar 543 OC pada awal fase pembungaan, nilai 945 OC pada awal fase berbuah, dan nilai 2942 OC pada saat panen untuk kualitas ekspor. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi musim, bunga mangga biasanya muncul antara 10 hari ketiga bulan Mei sampai dengan 10 hari ketiga bulan Juni (III Mei-Juni III), berasal dari tunas yang muncul antara bulan April III sampai Mei III. Kemunculan buah diperkirakan terjadi sekitar bulan Juni II-Juli II, dan waktu panen sekitar bulan Oktober II-November II. Pada kondisi di luar musim, awal kemunculan tunas, bunga, buah, dan panen mangga diperkirakan terjadi secara berurutan sekitar bulan Maret I-III, April I-III, April III-Mei II, dan Agustus III-September II. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa durasi pembuahan lebih lama (20-30 hari) dibandingkan kondisi eksisting sehingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan pemanenan buah sebesar 20-30 hari. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya mengidentifikasi waktu panen yang tepat berdasarkan fenologi pertumbuhan tanaman mangga Arumanis 143.
Kata kunci: lama berbuah, hari derajat tumbuh, waktu panen, mangga
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Referensi
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